![]() Zinc (Zn) reacts with sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) to produce zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4) while liberating hydrogen gas (H 2). Metals that lose electrons easily produce a fast and vigorous reaction.ġ. The reactivity of the metal determines the reaction rate. ![]() The amount of hydrogen produced depends on the starting mass of the metal and the acid’s strength. The electrons and protons combine to form a hydrogen atom. Each metal atom loses one or more electrons, and each acid molecule loses one or more protons. Highly reactive metals produce hydrogen when reacting with acid. Aluminum (Al) reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas.Ģ Al (s) + 6 H 2O (l) → 2 Al(OH) 3 (aq.) + 3 H 2 (g) 3. Sodium (Na) is highly reactive and displaces hydrogen (H 2) from water (H 2O).Ģ Na (s) + 2 H 2O (l) → 2 NaOH (aq.) + H 2 (g)Ģ. Highly reactive metals can react with cold water to form the corresponding hydroxide.ġ. Magnesium (Mg) can displace copper (Cu) in an aqueous solution of copper nitrate (Cu(NO 3) 2). Copper (Cu) can displace silver (Ag) in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO 3).Ĭu (s) + 2 AgNO 3 (aq.) → Cu(NO 3) 2 (aq.) + 2 Ag (s/ppt.)Ģ. A characteristic of this reaction is that one cation trades places with another to form a new product.ġ. This reaction is known as a single-displacement reaction. Metals higher in the series tend to lose electrons and easily displace lower metals. Based on the importance of the reactivity series, let us look at the various chemical reactions that metals undergo. It helps us understand why different metals are extracted from their ores differently. Aside, it can predict the outcome of single-displacement reactions. ![]() It can predict the reactions between metals and water and metals and acids. The reactivity series is essential for several reasons. ![]() įrom this list, it is clear that potassium is the most reactive metal. The list below represents the order of the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive. All metals above hydrogen liberate hydrogen gas (H 2) upon reacting with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4).Metals at the bottom of the chart, gold, silver, and platinum, usually are unreactive and do not react with acid and water.The reducing ability of metals decreases as we go down the series.They are also strong reducing agents and oxidize quickly. Metals at the top of the list, such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, are highly reactive and result in a vigorous reaction.Metals higher in the series displace lower metals from their salts during single-displacement reactions.For example, a quick glance at Figure AT5.2. That way, we can get a better look at the relationship. Often it is useful to plot data on a graph. As a result, fluorine is usually thought of as the most electronegative element. However, on many scales, fluorine would be the most electronegative atom here. As a result, noble gases are also given electronegativity values on this scale. The Allen scale just depends on the ability of an atom to interact with light, which is something even noble gases can do. Some electronegativity scales do not have values for the noble gases, because they are based on experimental measurements of compounds, and noble gases do not commonly form compounds with other elements. \): The Allen electronegativity values of the second-row elements.
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